An Experimental Evaluation of Machine-to-Machine Coordination Middleware: Extended Version

The vision of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) embodies the seamless discovery, configuration, and interoperability of networked devices in various settings, ranging from home automation and multimedia to autonomous vehicles and manufacturing equipment. As these applications become increasingly critical, the middleware coping with Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication and coordination has to deal with fault tolerance and increasing complexity, while still abiding to resource constraints of target devices. In this report, we focus on configuration management and coordination of services in a M2M scenario. On one hand, we consider ZooKeeper, originally developed for cloud data centers, offering a simple file-system abstraction, and embodying replication for fault-tolerance and scalability based on a consensus protocol. On the other hand, we consider the Devices Profile for Web Services (DPWS) stack with replicated services based on our implementation of the Raft consensus protocol. We show that the latter offers adequate performance for the targeted applications while providing increasing flexibility.